Weight struggles? Blame new neurons in your hypothalamus

ScienceDaily (May 21, 2012) ? New nerve cells formed in a select part of the brain could hold considerable sway over how much you eat and consequently weigh, new animal research by Johns Hopkins scientists suggests in a study published in the May issue of Nature Neuroscience.

The idea that the brain is still forming new nerve cells, or neurons, into adulthood has become well-established over the past several decades, says study leader Seth Blackshaw, Ph.D., an associate professor in the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. However, he adds, researchers had previously thought that this process, called neurogenesis, only occurs in two brain areas: the hippocampus, involved in memory, and the olfactory bulb, involved in smell.

More recent research suggests that a third area, the hypothalamus -- associated with a variety of bodily functions, including sleep, body temperature, hunger and thirst -- also produces new neurons. However, the precise source of this neurogenesis and the function of these newborn neurons remained a mystery.

To answer these questions, Blackshaw and his colleagues used mice as a model system. The researchers started by investigating whether any particular part of the hypothalamus had a high level of cell growth, suggesting that neurogenesis was occurring. They injected the animals with a compound called bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), which selectively incorporates itself into newly replicating DNA of dividing cells, where it's readily detectable. Within a few days, the researchers found high levels of BrdU in an area of the hypothalamus called the median eminence, which lies on the base of the brain's fluid-filled third ventricle.

Further tests showed that these rapidly proliferating cells were tanycytes, a good candidate for producing new neurons since they have many characteristics in common with cells involved in neurogenesis during early development. To confirm that tanycytes were indeed producing new neurons and not other types of cells, Blackshaw and his colleagues selectively bred mice that produced a fluorescent protein only in their tanycytes. Within a few weeks, they found neurons that also fluoresced, proof that these cells came from tanycyte progenitors.

With the source of hypothalamic neurogenesis settled, the researchers turned to the question of function. Knowing that many previous studies have suggested that animals raised on a high-fat diet are at significantly greater risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome as adults, Blackshaw's team wondered whether hypothalamic neurogenesis might play a role in this phenomenon.

The researchers fed mice a diet of high-fat chow starting at weaning and looked for evidence of neurogenesis at several different time points. While very young animals showed no difference compared with mice fed normal chow, neurogenesis quadrupled in adults that had consistently eaten the high-fat chow since weaning. These animals gained more weight and had higher fat mass than animals raised on normal chow.

When Blackshaw and his colleagues killed off new neurons in the high-fat eaters by irradiating just their median eminences with precise X-ray beams, the mice gained significantly less weight and fat than animals who had eaten the same diet and were considerably more active, suggesting that these new neurons play a critical role in regulating weight, fat storage and energy expenditure.

"People typically think growing new neurons in the brain is a good thing -- but it's really just another way for the brain to modify behavior," Blackshaw explains. He adds that hypothalamic neurogenesis is probably a mechanism that evolved to help wild animals survive and helped our ancestors do the same in the past. Wild animals that encounter a rich and abundant food source would be well-served to eat as much as possible, since such a resource is typically scarce in nature.

Being exposed to such a resource during youth, and consequently encouraging the growth of neurons that would promote more food intake and energy storage in the future, would be advantageous. However, Blackshaw explains, for lab animals as well as people in developed countries, who have nearly unlimited access to abundant food, such neurogenesis isn't necessarily beneficial -- it could encourage excessive weight gain and fat storage when they're not necessary.

If the team's work is confirmed in future studies, he adds, researchers might eventually use these findings as a basis to treat obesity by inhibiting hypothalamic neurogenesis, either by irradiating the median eminence or developing drugs that inhibit this process.

Other Hopkins researchers involved in this study include Daniel A. Lee, Joseph L. Bedont, Thomas Pak, Hong Wang, Juan Song, Ana Miranda-Angulo, Vani Takiar, Vanessa Charubhumi, Susan Aja and Eric Ford.

This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, a Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Award, the Klingenstein Fund and NARSAD. Seth Blackshaw is a W.M. Keck Distinguished Young Scholar in Medical Research.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Johns Hopkins Medicine.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Daniel A Lee, Joseph L Bedont, Thomas Pak, Hong Wang, Juan Song, Ana Miranda-Angulo, Vani Takiar, Vanessa Charubhumi, Francesca Balordi, Hirohide Takebayashi, Susan Aja, Eric Ford, Gordon Fishell, Seth Blackshaw. Tanycytes of the hypothalamic median eminence form a diet-responsive neurogenic niche. Nature Neuroscience, 2012; 15 (5): 700 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3079

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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Marseille defender Diawara ruptures knee ligament

Associated Press Sports

updated 11:08 a.m. ET March 25, 2012

MARSEILLE, France (AP) -Marseille central defender Souleymane Diawara looks set to miss the second leg of the Champions League quarterfinal against Bayern Munich after rupturing a knee ligament.

Diawara limped off early in the first half of Saturday's 1-1 away draw with Nice, which ended Marseille's eight-match losing streak.

Marseille said Sunday on its website that the club doctor will look after Diawara but didn't specify how long the player will be out for.

The 33-year-old Diawara is suspended for the first leg of the quarterfinal against Munich on Wednesday.

? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Fohnhouse.com | Movies, TV, Art & Entertainment: Spiritismes: An ...

?I was a Romanian vampire??Appearing in four of the films in the Spiritismes project, Elina L?wensohn is the definition of multi-faceted. A favourite of Hal Hartley, she has appeared in an impressive array of projects, from Seinfeld to Schindler?s List. When I got to speak with her she had her hair up in a Helena Bonham-Carter-challenging do, and looked every bit as much the elfin and beguiling creature that one sees in her film roles. Her warm approachability and friendly laugh, however, set her far apart from her sometimes detached and unemotional characters. I began by telling her how much I love her 1994 film Nadja, in which she plays the titular vampire. Fortunately, it seems that she does too, and she posed for a picture bearing a suitably ?Nadja? expression. Udo Kier appeared, and I noted that this put two of my favourite vampires together. ?I did a vampire too!? she called to him, ?I was a Romanian vampire!? (Mr Kier pointed out that this made sense, as Count Dracula was Romanian, to which Ms L?wensohn noted that Nadja was Dracula?s daughter).I had to check the pronunciation of her name (which is actually just as it looks), and she admitted to being a fan of Udo Kier too. Our conversation finally got around to Spiritismes, and how she had become involved in the project: ?It is thanks to the casting director that was working with Guy Maddin, and also Guy knew the work I have done so he was immediately very open to meeting me. And eight years ago, in fact, I wrote him an email because I wished to be cast in his films. I even said to him in the email with my ego ? which I have never done to any other director ? ?I would be perfect in your films!? He never answered. However, when I met him this time he remembered that I wrote to him years ago. It?s funny, he didn?t forget that ? I?m very happy to finally get the chance!? And was she angry that he hadn?t replied before? ?No! No. But I did write to him because when I saw the films I thought that this is exactly the sort of universe I would feel very comfortable in?.

Her unique style certainly fits well with Guy Maddin?s vision. Originally slated for two days, she ended up doing four. ?Probably because he?s happy with what I?m doing, I don?t know? she noted, charmingly self-effacing. Before our interview I had watched her working some magic on Udo Kier against a rather psychedelic back-projected forest while Maddin called requests from the other side of the screen, and a gaggle of tourists snapped away from all sides. Elina was entirely unfazed by these conditions, though: ?I love it! The Pompidou Centre?okay, it?s nice that they support this sort of work ? I think it?s great ? but what I love is the universe [Guy Maddin] creates, and everybody?s inventing constantly, and it?s almost like a work in progress. This to me is not like the classical, conventional type of filming. I think that Guy Maddin might work more specifically but in a similar way in his feature films, and this is what I personally love!?

I had to bring the conversation back to Nadja, and her memories of it. I noted that it was quite a while ago now (the film was released in 1994). ?It is! I?m getting older?I?m getting old in fact! The major thing?the director of photography was taking such a long time to prepare the shots, and it was just impossible, and then I realised how beautiful everything was. The fact that we shot only at night, so we felt like vampires. The invention, the freedom ? the independent scene of that time, which I have not met again later on, because it was Michael Almereyda, Hal Hartley, and that changed with the years?.?Hal was my beginning??

How was (and indeed is) working with Hal Hartley? ?He saw me in some plays, we did Theory of Achievement, and that was the first film I ever did. And then I did Simple Men. So Hal is my beginning?I admire what he is about, and I?m extremely grateful to have begun with someone like him - because at the time of course, we never realise when we do a project if it?s going to be written in history or not. But both him and Michael Almereyda, these films ? even though Nadja is not known in France, it has become a real cult film ? represent a period of time in cinema that today almost is nonexistent. Or maybe it?s existent with people like Guy Maddin, who are doing in a similar way, inventing and having the freedom to invent and create cinema.?Elina works not only in different genres, but also different languages ? ?because I moved around?, as she put it. The last film I saw her in was Lourdes, released in 2009. Her performance, as a nun suffering with cancer, is particularly affecting. I asked if she had had any experience of the religious side of things before making the film. ?No?It was maybe the sort of conviction, an extreme conviction in something spiritual, and the fact of the double sides of when we really wish for something spiritual and good and yet because of the extremeness of it we become tough ourselves. The one thing that disappointed me about this film ? I don?t know if you realised it ? was that it was not my voice. I did it in French, and they changed my voice. I was in the Order of Malta [in the film ? Ed], and they were afraid that people would be confused about me having the only accent in the film and that God would punish someone with an accent?isn?t that wild?! So this was why they considered that it would be better to have it homogenous. But it?s okay?it was a very good film, so this is why I didn?t do a lawsuit or things like that?.?This is what excites me??How many languages does she speak? ?I speak Romanian, English, French ? Romanian the worst. When I did, years ago, The Wisdom of Crocodiles, very different from Nadja ? I didn?t personally like it?but people liked it so I don?t want to take it away ? there I did the English/French, but usually I?ve not been asked because either I do it in French or English and it?s not necessary that they come over. Now more and more I do films in France.? ?I asked as a final question if she might have an ethos as an actress. ?No?even though I might have more of an expressionistic or minimalistic type of nature to the acting, even though I never forced it or looked for it. It?s really simply the script, and wishing to plunge myself in the unique universe of an auteur, if that universe exists. If not, I just do my job and I get paid a certain amount of money (when I get!) for certain films that I don?t care so much about. But for those I care about, this is what excites me and what makes me give over.?

MP

Source: http://fohnhouse.blogspot.com/2012/03/spiritismes-interview-with-elina.html

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White: Computers and Technology: Why Companies Should ...

Many companies are not aware of the significant benefits related to acquisition financing in computers and technology segments. The proper term for this type of financing is ' Technology lifecycle management '. Most business owners simply consider the following question: 'Should I buy or lease my firms new computers and software and related products and services?'

Two old adages related to leasing still ring true when it comes to the technological aspect. That is that one should finance something and depreciates, and one should buy something that appreciates in value. Most business owners, and consumers as well know very well that computers depreciate in value. Systems we paid thousands of dollars for years ago are now hundreds of dollars. Walk into any ' big box ' retailer and see the dramatic moves in technology.

Business owners who finance technology demonstrate a higher level of cost effectiveness. The company wants to reap the benefits of the technology over the useful life of the asset, and, importantly, more evenly match the cash outflows with the benefits. Leasing and financing your technology allows you to stay ahead of the technology curve; that is to say you are always using the latest technology as it relates to your firms needs.

Businesses that lease and finance their technology needs are often working better within their capital budgets. Simply speaking they can buy more and buy smarter. Many companies that are larger in size have balance sheet issues and ROA (return on assets) issues that are compelling. They must stay within bank credit covenants and are measure often on their ability to generate income on the total level of assets being deployed in the company.

Lease financing allows those firms to address both of those issues. Companies can choose to employ an ' operating lease ' structure for their technology financing. This is more prevalent in larger firms, but works almost equally as well in small organizations. Operating leases are ' off balance sheet '. The firm adopts the stance of using technology, not owning technology. The lessor/lender owns the equipment, and has a stake in the residual value of the technology. The main benefit for the company is that the debt associated with the technology acquisition is not directly held on the balance sheet. This optimizes debt levels and profitability ratios.

At the end of those operating leases, which are usually 36 months long, the customer has the option of:

1. Returning the equipment
2. Buying the equipment ( not likely though )
3. Negotiating an extension of the financing for continued use of the computers, technology, etc.

Companies that have recently acquired computers and technology can in fact negotiate a' sale leaseback ' on those same assets. This financing strategy brings cash back into the company, as the firm has employed a leasing and financing strategy building on our above noted them - using technology, not owning technology.

In summary, the key benefits of computer and technology lease financing are:

* The company can stay ahead of the technology curve
* Computer leasing and financing has significant balance sheet and income statement benefits
* The firm has flexibility with respect to buying new product, returning existing technology, and generating cash flow for purchases already made

Many of the benefits we have discussed relate to leasing in general. However, technology and lease financing are very perfectly suited to the business financing strategy of leasing.

Source: http://diogenesliberated.blogspot.com/2012/03/why-companies-should-consider-leasing.html

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Source: http://whiteheadmike.blogspot.com/2012/03/computers-and-technology-why-companies.html

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Online Business | Internet Money-Making Explained - Managing ...

?List Building Secrets Are The Key To Success With Your Internet Money Making Endeavours
One of the most important keys to success with any internet money-making system is to learn the list building secrets which successful internet marketers employ in their businesses. If you have watched any webinars on internet marketing, you will have heard successful online marketers say that most, if not all, of their income comes from the members of their lists. Knowing this fact it makes sense that you should begin by using their list building secrets to build your email list first -...

?Internet Money Making Explained Building A List Of Targeted Prospective Customers
Once you have spent some time researching your niche and have chosen a profitable one, then it is time to learn the skills to begin building a list. This list needs to be built with the names and email addresses of people who are interested in your niche topic - in other words they are a targeted list of prospective customers. Building a list of potential customers in your niche area is the single, most important task you need to master to become really successful in creating an online...

?Internet Money Making Systems Explained Some Tips For Success As An Online Entrepreneur
If you are reading this article chances are you're looking for an education on how these internet money-making systems work so that you can become successful as an online entrepreneur. Information Overload and Distractions One of the main reasons why you as a potential online entrepreneur may fail when starting an online business is due to a factor called distractions. This is the problem - you are trying to start an online business working from home on your computer. The very platform on...

?Internet Money Making Tips Build Your List With A Free Compelling Offer
Even if you have been investigating internet money-making systems for only a short while you will have heard the expression - the money is in the list. Many online entrepreneurs who have achieved success online will tell you that their online income has been made from the subscribers on their lists. This success is achieved by building a list of prospective customers who have an interest in your niche area. The size of the list is not as important as the way in which you interact with your list...

?How To Start An Online Business Using The Affiliate Marketing Business Model
If you are looking to find out how to start an online business, it will be a great deal simpler if you use the affiliate marketing model. As a new internet marketer you will more than likely not have a product to sell. As an affiliate marketer you can learn while you earn some income at the same time. What then is affiliate marketing? The affiliate marketing business model is a business system whereby you will be able to earn commissions by referring traffic to another person's product. The...

?How To Achieve Success With Your Internet Money Making Business
If you are just starting out as an online entrepreneur then you may be wondering how some marketers are able to create really good incomes online as a result of their internet money-making endeavours. Many people who start out online fail to make any income at all and end up giving up their dreams of an internet laptop lifestyle. If you want to achieve the levels of success that will enable you to earn a really meaningful income online you need to pay close attention to these three tips....

?Internet Money Making Ideas Utilizing The Law Of Supply Demand To Choose A Profitable Niche
If you are looking for internet money-making ideas which will enable you to earn an online income to supplement or take over from your present source, then this article will help you get started. The first step to making some money on the internet is to choose a profitable niche. We can utilize the law of supply and demand concept while choosing a profitable niche which is the first step in building a successful web business. The law of supply and demand is a concept that works just as well...

?Organize Your Online Business Affiliate Information To Save Time and Money
How much time do you spend in locating the affiliate information that you need each day? When you need an affiliate link for your list marketing email, can you locate it very easily? If finding these vital bits of information is taking you time then you need to organize your online business affiliate information to save time and therefore money. In the business sphere there is no more important commodity than time, and saving it will also save money in the long run. It is therefore vital to...

?Importance Of Time Management To Organize Your Online Business
If you want to be successful with your online home based business, you will need to learn about the importance of time management in order to organize your online business. Time management and organizing your business go hand in hand - you can't really have one without the other. What then is time management all about? In business terms time is money, and so we must ensure that we use it to the best advantage in terms of profit. Once time is gone - it is gone. Time management in business terms...

?Organizing Your Online Business 5 Tips To Help You Get Organized
If you are planning on becoming really successful with your home business online based enterprise you will really need to think about how you are going to organize your online business. There are many benefits to being an online business entrepreneur. You more than likely do not have to commute to work in streams of heavy traffic for a few hours. You can work when you like and how you like - or even in your pyjamas if that is your preference! However, to be really successful with your online...

Source: http://www.bharatbhasha.net/ebusiness.php/355578

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Health Care Sales Territory Manager in Columbus - Internships and ...

COMPANY NAME: ConvaTec

JOB TITLE: Territory Manager - Wound & Skin Care - Columbus, OH

JOB APPLY URL: http://ars2.equest.com/?response_id=84d07d9206f8801cc17c4fa5b330fb0f

Position Profile:
A ConvaTec Wound & Skin Care (WSC) Territory Manager will be responsible for the sales and support of the complete Wound and Skin Care portfolio of products in an identified geography. In addition, this representative will support accounts in all market segments as necessary in their assigned geography. Recognizing each territory will be different based on their mix of assigned accounts, the ideal time necessary for supporting individual segments would be preferred as follows:

1. Acute Care: approx. 60%
2. Home Health Care: approx. 30%
3. Long Term Care: approx. 10%

Again, this ideal mixture will differ greatly on the assigned accounts, local market conditions, contracts and sales momentum. The WSC Territory manager will report to a Regional Sales Manager who also specializes in managing WSC TMs only.

Position Description:
This position is for ConvaTec, an industry leading provider of ostomy, wound care, continence and infusion device, products and services. As a member of the ConvaTec Sales Team, the Territory Manager will be accountable for driving positive sales results within targeted (acute and / or post acute) facilities throughout the designated geography. The Territory Manager is responsible for selling products, features and benefits, while driving market share increase. The Territory Manager should have a deep knowledge of the business and customer value drivers in order to offer a unique perspective identifying the fit between product offerings and customer needs and have the ability to negotiate and demonstrate judgment to aid in decision making process. A Territory Manager should foster team effectiveness and accomplishment of shared goals by sharing knowledge, experience, and information in order to optimize business strategies and drive overall sales within the territory. The Territory Manager will be accountable for developing positive, collaborative relationships with clinical care providers, key buying influencers, including but not limited to Physicians, WOCNs, and other clinicians within the continuum of care, and targeted customers in the Acute, Alternate Site, and various healthcare settings. The Territory Manager will leverage existing ConvaTec TMs and distribution channels to create a positive team approach to all the targeted facilities within their territory. With the launch of Surgical Cover Dressing (SCD), this Territory Manager will work closely with Orthopedic Surgeons in the hospital operating room and high acuity units, developing positive, collaborative relationships with clinical care providers focused on the surgical patient. These relationships will include the Ortho/Trauma, Vascular, General and Plastic Surgeons; Nurse Unit and O.R. Management.

REQUIRED SKILLS:

- BS or BA degree or equivalent experience preferred. Clinical certification or degree a plus.
- Two or more years experience preferred in a highly competitive, aggressive, growth driven medical environment.
- Experience in selling to key buying influencers, including but not limited to Physicians, WOCNs, Surgeons and other clinicians within the continuum of care, and targeted customers in the Acute, and Post Acute healthcare settings preferred.
- Must be able to demonstrate a documented track record of success in sales.
- Must have established, positive working customer relationships with key healthcare decision makers focused on providing care for patients. Demonstrates ability to drive two-way communication and clearly articulate clinical information and evidence-based opinions, research results, both written and verbal, in order to facilitate sound business decisions and secure buy-in from internal and external stakeholders.
- Demonstrates ability to identify economic buyers.
- Practices effective allocation of internal/external resources.
- Broad understanding of the healthcare industry including acute and post acute care and the competitve environment is a plus.
- Must reside or be willing to relocate to the territory being considered.

Key Responsibilities:
? Meet or exceed all assigned sales revenue targets, goals and expense budgets set by Business Unit, Director of Sales and Region Manager. Past accountability for
territory ROI is a must.
- Work closely with their sales manager to communicate progress and strategies in targeted centers
? Collaborate with team members to effectively analyze sales reports and develop strategic business plans focused on key accounts in a large geographic area
? Must be willing to expand call
points to include key prescribing Physicians
? Work with new customers in the proper operation and use of products. Provide in-service education/key clinical findings sessions at customer facilities.
? Target and implement Physician / Clinician education
events aligned with targeted facilities
? Establish a keen understanding and the ability to communicate ConvaTec's competitive advantages to attain sales and convert competitive accounts
? Build positive working relations with key customers order to expand utilization of ConvaTec products
? Requires well developed consultative selling skills
? In-depth clinical understanding of selected surgical procedures and patient conditions
? Effective knowledge of competitive products;
? Exchanges input on market situations with management

Source: http://wittpathinternships.blogspot.com/2012/02/health-care-sales-territory-manager-in.html

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